Since the thread is about cable length i figured it would be nice to mention the longer size the cables can be when using SAS HBA, for example commonly used when building a ZFS server with Intel SASUC8i SAS controller, connecting normal SATA disks to it.
I have no idea whether the SATA disks can use stronger signalling and thus cable lengths as well, or whether that would require a SAS harddrive as well.
Sorry about not explaining my acronyms, though.
One more relevant thing: to test whether you have cable errors, you can simply query the SMART data on your disk. Look for the property called "UDMA CRC Error Count" and check it's raw data value. This should be zero. If it is not, you had cable errors in the past. If the number keeps rising then you should replace the cable. This affects the data cable only; not the power cable. For the power cable you can check "power-off retract count" in the SMART output.
A common Windows-application that can read SMART data is HDTune (check the Health tab).