I tried an external SATA enclosure for a SATA drive, but eventually had to stop using it. The reason was, it was connected to one of the mobo's SATA ports, and thus, the system "saw" the drive as internal.
This led to not being able to turn off write caching, and ergo - I had constant delayed write errors. So, I just moved the drive inside in the normal drive cage, - end of problem.
But, I did not use a SATA to USB enclosure. That would have probably worked OK, but then the SATA drive's data flow rate would be that of USB. Since that is the bottleneck, both SATA and PATA USB externals would have the same general data flow rate. There would be no advantage of one over the other.
If this is TMI, I apologize.