theres no speed difference on a single drive system no, you would be hard pushed to max out a ata 133 bus or even ata 100.
SATA can be a pain to use as a boot disk with xp windows setup, where as IDE has no problems.
IF you decide to setup up mirror/raid later SATA is much better since it can be hot swapped, plus then the extra bandwidth of SATA might come into play.
If you have the PATA slot I dont see any reason not to use it, you can aways get some SATA drives later.