Mengele used Auschwitz as an opportunity to continue his research on
heredity, using inmates for
human experimentation. He was particularly interested in
identical twins; they would be selected and placed in special
barracks. He also recruited
Berthold Epstein, a
Jewish pediatrician. As a doctor, Epstein proposed to Mengele a study into treatments of the disease called
noma that was noted for particularly affecting children from the camp.
[13]
While the exact cause of noma remains uncertain, it is now known that it has a higher occurrence in children suffering from
malnutrition and a lower
immune system response. Many develop the disease shortly after contracting another illness such as
measles or
tuberculosis.
[14]
Mengele took an interest in physical abnormalities discovered among the arrivals at the concentration camp. These included
dwarfs, notably the
Ovitz family - the children of a
Romanian artist, of whom seven of the ten members were dwarfs. Prior to their
deportation, they toured in
Eastern Europe as the
Lilliput Troupe. Mengele often called them "my dwarf family"; to him they seemed to be the perfect expression of "the abnorm".[
citation needed]
Mengele's experiments also included attempts to change eye colour by injecting chemicals into children's eyes, various
amputations of limbs, and other
surgeries.
Rena Gelissen's account of her time in Auschwitz details certain experiments performed on female prisoners around October 1943. Mengele would experiment on the chosen girls, performing
sterilization and
shock treatments. Most of the victims died, because of either the experiments or later infections.
"Once Mengele's assistant rounded up 14 pairs of
Roma twins during the night. Mengele placed them on his polished marble dissection table and put them to sleep. He then injected
chloroform into their hearts, killing them instantly. Mengele then began dissecting and meticulously noting each piece of the twins' bodies."
[11]
At Auschwitz, Mengele did a number of twin studies. After the experiment was over, these twins were usually killed and their bodies dissected. He supervised an operation by which two Romani children were sewn together to create
conjoined twins; the hands of the children became badly infected where the veins had been resected; this also caused
gangrene.
[11]
The subjects of Mengele's research were better fed and housed than ordinary prisoners and were, for the time being, safe from the gas chambers, although many experiments resulted in more painful deaths.
[15] When visiting his child subjects, he introduced himself as "Uncle Mengele" and offered them sweets. Some survivors remember that despite his grim acts, he was also called "Mengele the protector".
[16]
The book
Children of the Flames, by Lucette Matalon Lagnado and Shiela Cohn Dekel, chronicles Mengele's medical experimental activities on approximately 3,000 twins who passed through the Auschwitz death camp during World War II until its liberation at the end of the war. Only 100 pairs of twins survived;
[17] 60 years later, they came forward about the special privileges they were given in Auschwitz owing to Mengele's interest in twins, and how as a result they have suffered, as the children who survived his medical experiments and injections.
[11]
Mengele also sought out pregnant women, on whom he would perform
vivisections before sending them to the gas chambers.
[18]
Auschwitz prisoner Alex Dekel has said: "I have never accepted the fact that Mengele himself believed he was doing serious work not from the slipshod way he went about it. He was only exercising his power. Mengele ran a butcher shop major surgeries were performed without
anaesthesia. Once, I witnessed a stomach operation Mengele was removing pieces from the stomach, but without any anaesthetic. Another time, it was a heart that was removed, again without
anaesthesia. It was horrifying. Mengele was a doctor who became mad because of the power he was given. Nobody ever questioned him why did this one die? Why did that one perish? The patients did not count. He professed to do what he did in the name of science, but it was a madness on his part."