quote:
"Oracles are devices, which are used to answer questions with a simple yes or no. The questions may be as elaborate as you can make them, the procedure that answers the questions may be lengthy and a lot of auxiliary data may get generated while the question is being answered. Yet all that comes out is just yes or no.
The oracle architecture is very suitable for quantum computers. The reason for this is that the read-out of a quantum system is probabilistic. Therefore if you pose a question the answer to which is given in the form of a wave function, you will have to carry out the computation on an ensemble of quantum computers to get anywhere. On the other hand if the computation can be designed in such a way that you do get your yes or no at the end, and some data reduction may be required to accomplish this, then a single quantum computer and a single quantum computation run may suffice."
More at this excellent site:
http://beige.ucs.indiana.edu/B679/