15 MR. TURNER: So there was a SCUD launch on
the
16 20th of January that coincides with this incident?
17 LTC MARTIN: Approximately the same time,
yes.
18 MR. TURNER: A SCUD carries nitric acid, it
has
19 red-fuming nitric acid as one of its propellants. Would
you
20 tell the panel a bit about what the possible effects of
21 destroying a missile with that kind of propellant on it
22 would be?
23 LTC MARTIN: Well, if a SCUD does not fly its
24 extended path, it would not burn up all of its propellant
or
25 its oxidizer which is the red-fuming nitric acid, so if it
148
1 was intercepted and it had not completed its path, chances
2 are if it was intercepted some of this propellant and
3 oxidizer may have been released, and the effects of red-
4 fuming nitric acid is similar to any acid exposure. It
5 would cause some burning sensations.
6 MR. TURNER: Could it cause respiratory
problems,
7 Colonel Martin?
8 LTC KOENIGSBERG: Yes, it would.
9 MR. TURNER: And I'm sorry, actually you're
better
10 to answer that one, Colonel Koenigsberg.
11 MS. TAYLOR: Would that be -- that's short-term
12 effect. Would there be any long-term effects?
13 COL KOENIGSBERG: That is a short-term as
opposed
14 to, say, a mustard agent which as you heard in this
15 morning's testimony, there is a delay of four to eight
hours
16 before you start getting symptoms from a mustard agent.
You
17 don't feel the burning on your skin, nor on a neurotoxic
18 agent do you feel it immediately.
19 MS. KIDD TAYLOR: As a follow-up, would there be
20 any possibility that after that exposure there could be
21 recurring complications, skin rashes?
22 COL KOENIGSBERG: We don't know of any. There's
23 not that much literature on the exposure to red-fuming
24 nitric acid. The stuff that's out there says that it acts
25 like any other acid. Would you get a reaction, an
immediate
149
1 burn? Yes. Once it's off the skin, theoretically you
2 shouldn't keep getting recurring rashes and things of this
3 nature from the red-fuming nitric acid.
4 MR. TURNER: Is it fair to summarize your
5 testimony as we don't know what happened at Al Jubail, but
6 something happened and we need to find out what it was?
7 LTC MARTIN: Yes. But the symptoms exhibited by
8 the personnel there are not in sync with a normal blister
or
9 nerve agent exposure.
10 MR. TURNER: So the symptoms are not consistent
11 with an acute clinical exposure to either nerve agent or
12 mustard agent; is that correct?
13 LTC MARTIN: That's correct.
14 COL KOENIGSBERG: And I think I'd like to point
15 out that we have talked to quite a few people in that
unit.
16 We've talked to the physician assistant who was treating
the
17 patients, who saw the people on those days following these
18 two incidents. We've talked to the commander of the unit.
19 I don't know really how much further we're going to be
able
20 to go in this particular incident to get at what caused
it.
21 I think we can say some things about what might
22 probably didn't cause it, but whatever did happen, we
don't
23 know what it was that they were exposed to, and I don't
know
24 where else can go.