Active -
Client makes connection to ftp server on destination port 21.
This is the control channel.
Client requests file - server then initiates connection to client with source port of 20 and some other destination port.
Server transfers data on this data channel.
Can cause trouble with NAT and bad firewalling.
Passive.
Client makes connection to ftp server on dst port 21, and another on port 20. So instead of the server starting the connection on the data channel, the client does.