You get python 3 and python 2 in most standard distributions. For example I am running ubuntu 15.04..
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Apr 2 2015, 15:33:21)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
$ which python3
/usr/bin/python3
$ python3
Python 3.4.3 (default, Mar 26 2015, 22:03:40)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
If you look in /usr/bin you will see that 'python' and 'python2' are symlinks to 'python2.7', and 'python3' is a symlink to 'python3.4'.
So the key point is that the two versions live side by side just fine, keeping their system packages in separate locations.
That said, as Staples points out the best way to keep things clean and separate is to use virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. Those tools will make it possible to install packages into a "virtual" python system so you don't crud up your global install.