Look at SYSLINUX / PXELINUX and MEMDISK from the same project.
I don't think they'll quite do what you want; to bootstrap the ISO is one thing, but once it has
booted the booted OS would still have to be able to read/write the ISO it booted from just as if it was a real CDROM using its normal CDROM type drivers. Obviously that isn't going to work over the network without getting into the internals of the drive access and making the networked image look like a CDROM to whatever OS you boot. If you're allowing for booting DVDs, then you'd need nearly 5GBy of storage to hold the image, and if you tried to send it all to the booting system as a ramdisk image of the boot DVD you'd need 5GB RAM just for that. Much more than that if it was a dual layer disc.
Of course you can make custom netbooting installer / runtime images using PXELINUX et. al. for windows, linux, dos, et. al., but they're not going to be identical to the original CD/DVD ISO image for what you're booting.
Someone could hack up a USB to ethernet device to make it look like a USB to IDE CD/DVD bridge and have that become a networked CDROM acting like a USB CD/DVD drive transparently to the OS, though I am not aware that this has been done.