There is no way to query a USB memory stick for SMART-like parameters; I'm not aware of any memory sticks which support doing so even via publicly-available proprietary software. The best you can do is to check that you can successfully read+write to the entire device using badblocks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badblocks
You want to specify one of the write tests, which will wipe all data on the stick; make a backup first.
Find the device by looking at dmesg after plugging in the USB stick; you'll see a device name (most likely sd_, ie sdc, sdd, etc.) and manufacturer information. Make sure you're using the proper device!
If the stick is formatted with a valid filesystem, you may have to unmount it first.
Example syntax, for a USB stick enumerated as /dev/sdz, outputting progress information, with a data-destructive write test and error log written to usbstick.log:
sudo badblocks -w -s -o usbstick.log /dev/sdz
You'll need to repartition and reformat the stick afterwards, assuming it passes; this test will wipe everything on the stick. Any failures indicate a failure of the device's memory controller, or it has run out of spare blocks to remap failed blocks. In that case, no area of the device can be trusted.