Originally posted by: RapidSnail
A serious question: Why is it incorrect to believe that child raising should remain with those biologically capable of having those children?
I'm not going to vote against gay marriage, but what is the outrage against the protection of traditional child-raising? I don't care about legal, sexual/emotional unions, but I've always wondered if there was good reason why nature made it possible for only a man and woman to have a baby. One would think that there's more to raising a child than love, although that is extremely important. Aren't there also physical, psychological, and emotional necessities that can only be met by a mother (female) and father (male)?
I didn't see this post the first time around, and I realize I'm a bit late to the table, but I'm responding anyway.
You raise many interesting questions, and I'm pretty sure I can provide answers to all of them. But as a broad theme, every question you raise concerns the topic of reproduction and raising offspring. To that end, I'll respond to your questions with another question: should reproduction be required in a marriage? It seems a bit ridiculous to bring up reproduction in a thread about who has the right to marry unless one is specifically making the claim that only people who reproduce should be allowed to marry. That's not the law we have now. Why even bring the issue up in this context?
Now that I've got that out of the way, let me address your questions.
"Why is it incorrect to believe that child raising should remain with those biologically capable of having those children?"
From a naturalist standpoint, I suppose one could make the argument that any reproductive species should be responsible for the health and wellbeing of it's own offspring and the hell with the other members of the species. But even that doesn't hold up when you look at countless examples of collectivism in the natural world for the good of the survival of the species, even outside your own lineage. This collectivism can be seen in humans as well. As we are inherently social creatures, we've bonded together to ensure our continued survival as a species, which includes watching out for homo sapien offspring, even if they don't happen to be our own; as the old adage says, it takes a village to raise a child.
So with that in mind, from a natural perspective, we're inherently drawn to rear children in a community, rather than in isolation from other people. On this natural instinct we've built a societal framework that sees many people helping in the raising of any given child; a child will presumably have a different person performing all of the various tasks that it takes to raise a child, from the numerous teachers they will have, to the doctors and dentists they will visit, to their babysitters, afterschool caregivers, swim instructors, soccer coaches, piano teachers, bus drivers, and all the family that gets called in for impromptu babysitting. Sure, the parents have the primary role in raising the child, but there's a wealth of input from a wide community of people.
And society has extrapolated from this division of labor that we don't necessarily need to have the biological parents raise the offspring themselves. This is why we allow adoption. This is why we have foster care. This is why we don't let orphans starve to death in the streets. Our societal understanding is that a strong parental role is important in every child's life, and the biological father or mother may not be the best candidate to provide that. Whether or not it is the best way to rear children is irrelevant; it's what we've determined as a culture is what we deem acceptable for raising our offspring.
"What is the outrage against the protection of traditional child-raising?"
No one is attempting to discredit traditional child-raising, so this is a pointless question. It's not like if gay marriage is passed, straight people will no longer be able to bear children and raise them. That's an idiotic claim to make.
"I've always wondered if there was good reason why nature made it possible for only a man and woman to have a baby."
Nope. Nature doesn't have a reason. Life doesn't have a reason. Life exists, and species that are alive seem compelled to reproduce and continue the chain of life. But there is no driving force behind nature with a desire or will to see a specific outcome, unless you believe in a metaphysical force, in which case the determinism of nature must be taken on faith. Even if you do take it on faith, it's anyone's guess as to what that metaphysical force actually desires from the natural world, and it would be a bit brash to base our public social policy around our interpretations of that which we cannot possibly hope to understand.
"One would think that there's more to raising a child than love, although that is extremely important."
Of course there is. Given that we live in a capitalist society, one must have money or be able to earn money to help provide for a child's welfare. Beyond that, we tend to require that a child be raised in a way that's deemed socially acceptable; that may include mandatory education, vaccinations, or other constraints that are socially determined to be in the best interest of children. If a parent is unable to meet these societal obligations, the state can intervene and take the child.
"Aren't there also physical, psychological, and emotional necessities that can only be met by a mother (female) and father (male)?"
No. If they were necessities, than any child that didn't grow up with a mother and father present would die before reaching adulthood. The prevalence of single-parent households, gay parents, and other non-traditional families shows that the idea of any "necessities" is an illusion. This is also the case in families where one parent may be absent for an extended period of time; military families, or families where one parent is in prison. None of these indicate that a mother and father are a necessity for a child, though I don't think you'll find anyone who will argue that some form of parental figure is not needed.
Really, the only necessities from a mother and father are an egg and sperm. With invetro fertilization and surrogates, we don't even need the "mother's" womb (and when you get to this level, determining who exactly qualifies as the mother is not as easy as who provided the egg). With the egg and the sperm in place, the biological parents don't need to be present, but a child can still be raised by loving parents in a caring community to be a contributing member of society. Millions of children have grown up in adopted families to lead normal lives; if there were any sense of biological necessity in having the biological parents present, this would not be possible.
And really, it all comes back to us being social creatures who are capable of complex reasoning and abstract thought. We can rise beyond the basic level of "eat, sleep, fuck, genes must live" and start thinking about what the best way is to rear our offspring in a way that we deem beneficial not just to the parents who want their genes to survive, but to society as a whole. That's part of the social contract we've implicitly agreed to by virtue of our role in the society.