Yep. Knowing how hard to brake for a redlight to everyone is just kind of trial and error experience at mashing on the brakes. I'm not like "I have 2.1 seconds left on the yellow light and I'm moving 33mph so I need to apply the brakes with X lbs of force" My brain just goes "derrr oh uh-oh a yellow light." and I hit the brakes however hard I feel I need to compared to past experiences. To get a computer to solve it, it would be doing tons of mathematical problem solving. I think computers are too married to problem solving with math to ever really create a working AI.
I truly think the answer lies in humans realizing how retarded we truly are, and creating a run-time language exclusive to AI engineering that would account for this.
However, the problem lies in memory and compression algorithms to get values created on-the-fly to represent a lot of information with a little physical data as possible.
In addition, a high-density holographic memory medium is absolutely required unless we want this smart computer to take up the size of an entire city. Even then, this machine would probably be the size of a building. But all the smart computers of sci-fi are huge, so that's alright.
See, the trick is, not making a computer act based on computations for every event. Instead, make the computer act with no knowledge whatsoever, and make it learn every experience it does. In short, it would be like raising a child. Hold it's hand for a little while, and with repetition, it will begin to understand reasoning and logic. It would understand, if it's code is wirelessly pushed to a robot, that the robot's purpose is to walk, not crawl. To talk, not mumble. To learn 2+2 is 4, not 3.
We can't pre-program anything, we can only merely give it the tools to store experiences, and the experiences must be able to be stored and recalled whenever the AI decides necessary.
If it's in a robot, when walking a long a street and steps into the street and a vehicle rushing along barely misses hitting it, it should store that experience as a near death experience, and be able to learn from it.
I don't think we are far from creating such a coding method if we were to try. But I don't think anyone is going that route, with an attempt to make an AI that truly is as dumb as a box of rocks and has to learn.
Two things are required for intelligence: the tools to learn, and someone who will hold the hands of the learner for some part of their life. No creature learns without someone teaching, and you cannot become capable of learning until you have a brain that can be taught. And more importantly, the student has to be capable of becoming a teacher.
Many creatures out there are capable of learning to a certain degree, but lack the capability to be teachers of the advanced topics they are taught.