copied from lostcircuits
Each PCI slot has a certain number of clock cycles for uninterrupted access to the system bus / CPU. Since each access also involves initial latencies (penalty cycles), the ratio between idle cycles and active cycles is better if the number of bus cycles (PCI-latency) is increased. The main argument for abandoning ISA slots has been that in a system with ISA devices, the PCI latency cannot be increased beyond 64 cycles. Doubling the latency from 64 to 128 cycles allegedly resulted in an overall system performance increase of 15% as reported by Boot Magazine (May 1998). We have never been able to replicate these findings, however we do see a performance increase by stepping up the latency from 32 to 64 cycles.