Well I cannot remember the exact technical explanation behind memory latency, but cas2 and cas3 is the column access time. Basically from what I recall cas2 setting does in 2 cycles what cas 3 does in 3. Its just the timing the motherboard uses, not a type of memory. Its just that some memory cannot support the speed. I'm sure some techie here can give a long boring explanation noone cares to read.
As for your problem i suggest you look in your bios and see if there is a setting to adjust memory speed. If you have a apollo pro 133A chipset motherboard (and possibly a 815 but i am not sure) there should be a setting to add or subtract 33 mhz to the memory speed. Meaning you could run the 600 at 133 FSB giving you the 800, but toggle the setting to adjust the memory speed to -33 i.e. 100 allowing you to set the memory to cas2. whats also nice is the ability to adjust the fsb higher than 133 (if your processor and perpherals can handle it) and still run the memory under 133. You might want to try setting your fsb to 150 and toggling the -33 setting then you would have a 900 with memory at 117.