To overclock a CPU, you have to do one of two things... either increase the Front Side Bus (FSB) or the multiplier. In most chips today (ie: P4), the multiplier is locked by the manufacturer, thus you cannot change the multiplier. That is where the FSB comes into play. To get a processors speed rating you follow this formula:
FSB x multiplier = total speed
For example a stock P4 2.4B
133 (FSB) x 18 (multiplier) = 2394 Mhz (rounded up is 2.4Ghz )
If you take the same chip and overclock it to say 166mhz FSB it will be as follows:
166 x 18 = 2988Mhz (rounded to 3Ghz)
Hope that helps explain it to you. Do a search for some other articles that will go into MUCH more detail, and give you OCing 101!!!
