So IMO the generalization "quad core vs. dual core" is so much hard to make these days than it was back in 2008.
I disagree. We had different opportunity costs back then. Today the opportunity is price and spending that money somewhere else like a better ssd, gpu monitor, or just save it/use it something non computer related. Back then the opportunity cost was more cores but at a lower clockspeed/frequency. The IPC was the same more or less
The E8400 and Q6600 were similar prices (sometimes the Q6600 was a little more but similar bracket) but the E8400 had a 25% clock speed advantage, plus it had more cache (6mb per cores 1 and 2 vs 4mb for core 1 and 2 and 4mb for cores 3 and 4), so unless you were using 3 or more threads (including non game tasks like the OS) the E8400 was faster. Even when using 3 or 4 threads you had to utilize them enough and have a high enough load for the Q6600 to catch up. If all 4 cores were fully utilized (non gaming scenarios like rendering) the Q6600 easily won.
The E8400 also usually clocked at a higher oc if you oc due to the fact it was less stress on the motherboard and its power systems (2 cores vs 4 cores). The e8400 also was 45nm instead of 65nm .
Pretty much this all went away when we got the core architecture starting in Nov 2008 with the Nehalem based Bloomfield. The turbo was improved with Lynnfield and even more so in Sandy Bridge where it was more or less perfected. With Sandy the quads were faster in over 95% of chances. They now just cost more.
The difference between quad vs dual with a tradeoff also in laptops in 20010. Do you prefer this 45nm clarksfield based core i7 quad core i7 720qm, or 32nm Arrandale based core i7 620m dual core which a lot higher frequencies and integrated graphics so if the motherboard had a manual switch (before optimus) you can reboot and get better battery life. They cost roughly the same.
i7 720qm quad core 1.6 ghz base, 1.73 quad turbo, 1.73 tri turbo, 2.39 dual turbo, 2.79 single turbo
i7 620m dual core 2.66 ghz base, 3.06 dual turbo, 3.33 single turbo
But once again when sandy rolled around the quads were always better and the duals were only saved for ultrabooks, and thin high end computers that could not handle a 45w sku (business, macbooks)