If it is a normal concept such as using an exposed fan, then no, it'll be limited to just under wind-speed, as when it hits windspeed, the tailwind would be neutral in comparison to air resistance from the front.
However, that concept drawing of a funnel that can draw in air from whatever direction the fastest air movement is coming from, leads me to believe it could result in 'faster than wind' travel.
Using that funnel, the tail-wind would push through and drive the fan, creating forward motion. Once the forward motion resulted in enough air movement from the front, directing the funnel to the front would continue to drive the fan, and theoretically, I'd say that air movement would keep pushing the wheels faster, which results in more air movement, etc.
Am I missing something? That funnel seems to make the whole concept seem very possible, and more-so on a low-wind day with a simple push to start. Now, as soon as elevation changes occur on the driving path, I'd stop unless the elevation changes were extremely gradual. On a flat surface with no wind, and a funnel that the rider can manipulate - and not one that would be moved based on wind direction - would seem to provide the best chances of success.