It should be noted that these are for the Toro model only, so the Verizon sold one. So I wouldn't suggest someone with a GSM Gnex try flashing these.
And I would disagree somewhat with grkM3...
The radio files would be more analogous to the BIOS on a computer, but more specialized. It's the software that controls the 3G and 4G antennas, so it can improve signal reception, and improve battery life as a result. When the phone can't get a reliable signal, it'll boost power to the antennas to try and get a better signal.
The kernel is like the central nervous system of the OS. It is the most fundamental part of the OS, pretty much everything flows through the kernel, and then the ROM would be the OS proper.