It was last used a couple years ago but it sat on doing nothing this whole time
That argues against it being "dead", then… About the only thing that really could've "quietly rotted" is the power supply capacitors, which obviously hasn't happened.
[Edited]
I did a Google search on your receiver just to familiarize myself with its specs, and pretty much the first thing I saw was
this Amazon review. Which seems to be saying that particular model simply wasn't designed to "get there from here". Since it was sitting in a closet for a couple of years, I'll spare you the otherwise obligatory "RTFM comment"
, but according to
its page 17, that is indeed the case:
VSX-818V model only:To hear audio from your HDMI component through this system, make analog and/or digital connections as necessary.
On the rear panel, you must connect to the audio jacks from a set of audio/video inputs (for example, DVR/VCR as shown in the illustration).
• Without this connection, HDMI audio will still be output from your TV or flat panel TV (though no sound will be heard from this receiver).
If the DirecTV box doesn't have a separate digital audio output, presumably you can use an HDMI splitter and HDMI-to-digital-audio adapter?
But here's a big "hmmm"… I did a Google search on your receiver just to familiarize myself with its specs, and pretty much the first thing I saw was this Amazon review. Which seems to be saying that particular model simply wasn't designed to "get there from here". I know nothing about HDMI-capable receivers in general (I only recently bought my first HDTV!), but just as a matter of electronics, it doesn't seem surprising that it could be able to pass-through the full HDMI signal to the TV, while not itself being capable of decoding the audio portion of the signal. Given the basically universal adoption of a fairly sophisticated "home theater" model at even the low end of consumer TV set-ups, and the trickle-down of what would've been considered higher-end features 8 years ago, it would seem really strange in a current model, but not so much in such an "old" one?
If you haven't already, check the manual, and/or try the radio or a connected audio-only source - either or both analog and digital. That'll tell you if if the problem is in the amplifier/output circuitry, or the HDMI-signal related stuff. If it is the case that that the receiver simply can't decode the audio, you should be able to work around it with appropriate (and relatively inexpensive) splitters and an HDMI-to-SPDIF adapter.