My idea about superconductivity

[William Gaatjes]

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113140422.htm

When reading this article, kind of obvious. It all comes back to resonance.

When playing with temperature, or pressure, or electrodynamic fields, or magnetodynamic fields, you can make the particles of the material oscillate in a similair phase. While each particle may be affected differently, they still have predefined behaviour. Lattice and the right elements at specific locations cause local resonance where electrons are repelled by the former and attracted by the next. The following up phases of these local resonance locations are important. What happens is, the lattice get's tuned for optimal electron flow, the resonance effect is that is is a self organizing principle flowing through the material.

I do wonder, what is the speed of electrons flowing in a material at room temperature ? And what will happen when the temperature increases or decreases.

I am betting it is not a linear function of increase of temperature is a lowering in speed of the moving electrons through the material.

For example : You take a thin electrical conducting wire and connect it to a thicker electrical conducting wire. Then apply a current flow by means of a source. You will notice that the speed of the electron flow is higher in the thin wire. When you take for example take 2 wires of copper and aluminium, and connect them together, the speed of the electronflow will be slower in the copper then in the aluminium. This is because the charge density is higher in copper then in aluminium. less movable electrons per atom but more atoms. This also explains the weight increase by the way. And the fact that copper conducts temperature flows better as well. For the same amount of current, the electrons have to travel less fast when compared to aluminium. Now since there is something like thermal vibration, it also means less encounters because of the slower flow. That is interesting i find, because less free electrons per atom means the electrons do not have to fight with eachother for a position around the nuclei. Very important is also the electron band.

Ohmic resistance rings a bell.

Now the type II super conductors do just that. Because of the alloys and the effect of temperature on the lattice the different speedup and slow downs of electrons, local resonance effects occur. Where the electrons are repelled and attracted in a synchronised matter.

 

[KIAman]

I think you are going way off track here. Superconducting refers to the lack of electrical resistance, NOT the speed of a moving electron. Low temp superconductors rely on quantum effects but high temp superconductors are the big "unknowns."

Resistance is energy wasted on the movement of electrons (creating an electromagnetic field) so logic would say that resonance as a result of electron movement is wasted energy. Heat, noise, vibration, radiation, transformation all equates to wasted energy for movement of electrons.

 

[William Gaatjes]

I think you are going way off track here. Superconducting refers to the lack of electrical resistance, NOT the speed of a moving electron. Low temp superconductors rely on quantum effects but high temp superconductors are the big "unknowns."

Resistance is energy wasted on the movement of electrons (creating an electromagnetic field) so logic would say that resonance as a result of electron movement is wasted energy. Heat, noise, vibration, radiation, transformation all equates to wasted energy for movement of electrons.

I do am thinking about that.
For the moment i can assume that electrical resistance is the disturbance inside or hinder of the electronflow.
I am not saying anything about speed directly since there are so many factors.

* The size when it comes to the same material.

* The amount of free elektrons when looking at different materials.

* The lattice structure of elements.

* The magnetic alignment.

* The temperature.

* Phonon waves.

I am still gathering information and putting everything in perspective. The reason i mentioned the speed, is because it does have it's effect. Although it may not be directly related to the reason superconductors can do what they do. It still is a piece of the puzzle.


When it comes to high frequency ac current i do wonder, maybe you can help me out ?

Do superconductor materials while superconducting also exhibit the skineffect ? And if it is the case, is it exactly similar as normal resistant conductors ?

 

[KIAman]

I'm not really sure. Assuming the skin effect falls off at an inverse square root of conductivity, it would seem that a superconductor with negligible resistance would have even more negligible skin effect.

 

[William Gaatjes]

I'm not really sure. Assuming the skin effect falls off at an inverse square root of conductivity, it would seem that a superconductor with negligible resistance would have even more negligible skin effect.

Sorry for the late reply. I do not have much time at the moment to amateur investigate much about this subject.

I do had an interesting conversation with a colleague from another company.
He mentioned that the tendency of a material to absorp magnetic fields changes with the frequency. We where talking about an oscillator where a coil is used and that different materials absorp more or less of the magnetic field depending on the frequency. That seems obvious but i assume it has to do with the same reason of the skin effect. I read somewhere that the skineffect is caused because of local groups of electrons create their own aligned local magnetic field that interferes with the field build up by the alternating current which in itself is nothing more then the same electrons moving around. If i understand it correctly, the electrons are resisting the fast movement in some goniometric way.

Usually superconductors do not like external generated fields. When the external field becomes to strong the superconductor becoms a normal conductor again. I believe it was with type 1 super conductors. I do not know what the deal was with type 2 superconductors. I do know i read something about a superconductor that does not have any problem with any external magnetic field regard less of the strength of that external field.

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/fsu-mlr052808.php

Hunte and his colleagues thought the world-record Hybrid magnet would be more than sufficient to test the field tolerance limits of the new material. They thought wrong: The iron oxyarsenide kept superconducting all the way up to 45 tesla, far past the point at which other superconductors become normal conductors.

http://www.dailytech.com/HighTemper...nder+Pressure+By+Researchers/article11837.htm

By the way ,

How you like my avatar ?

It is taken from a "filmed" electron.

 

[PlasmaBomb]

I do wonder, what is the speed of electrons flowing in a material at room temperature ? And what will happen when the temperature increases or decreases.

At room temperature the speed at which electrons move is typically at ~10^-4 m/s.

I = nAvQ

where
I is the electric current flowing in the wire
n is the number of electrons per cubic metre
A is the cross sectional area of the wire
v is the drift velocity of the electrons
Q is the charge of an electron

The speed is termed electron drift velocity.

v = I / nAQ

 

[William Gaatjes]

At room temperature the speed at which electrons move is typically at ~10^-4 m/s.

I = nAvQ

where
I is the electric current flowing in the wire
n is the number of electrons per cubic metre
A is the cross sectional area of the wire
v is the drift velocity of the electrons
Q is the charge of an electron

The speed is termed electron drift velocity.

v = I / nAQ

Ah, thank you.

I did some digging as well (when entering my first post but had not the time to actually dig deeper) and found this website :

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/electric/ohmmic.html

 

[Tech_savy]

Nice and effective arguments.........

 

[johnnydrinkawater]

I am betting it is not a linear function of increase of temperature is a lowering in speed of the moving electrons through the material.

It would make sense if the function of temperature vs. speed was exponential with asymptote at c which converges at
T = -inf with a rate dependent on the material.

 

[William Gaatjes]

I cannot really fully explain it at the moment but in my opinion it has similarities with a confined oscillation on a carrier wave. Some similarity like a soliton.

 

[William Gaatjes]

Super conductive hydrogen.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100125172954.htm

"We found that superconductivity set in at pressures between roughly 100,000 to 200,000 times atmospheric pressure at sea level (10 to 20 GPa), which is an order of magnitude lower than the pressures for related compounds that bind with four hydrogens instead of three," remarked Mao, of Carnegie's Geophysical Laboratory. Lanthanum trihydride stabilized at about 100,000 atmospheres and a transition temperature of -- 423°F (20 Kelvin), while the other two stabilized at about 200,000 atmospheres and temperatures of -427 °F (18 K) and -387 °F (40 K) for ScH3 and YH3 respectively.

The researchers also found that two of the compounds, LaH3 and YH3, had more similar distributions of vibrational energy to each other than to ScH3 at the superconducting threshold and that the transition temperature was highest at the point when a structural transformation occurred in all three. This result suggests that the superconducting state comes from the interaction of electrons with vibrational energy through the lattice. At pressures higher than 350,000 atmospheres (35 GPa) superconductivity disappeared and all three compounds became normal metals. In yttrium trihydride, the superconductivity state reappeared at about 500,000 atmospheres, but not in the others. The scientists attributed that effect to its different mass.

I find it interesting that the superconductive state appeared in between 10 GPa and 20 GPa. 35GPa the superconductive state disappeared and at 50GPa it appeared again.

I wonder why that is... I am curious if the pressure would be increased again if it would disappear again and again at higher pressures re appear.
Maybe it is like multiples of a frequency, overtones.