The most important thing about your first bike is that its not too heavy & not extremely fast... even a slow bike is faster then most cars and you can get in trouble in a hurry, also I second the already mentioned advice about the helmet & riding gear, in particular the jacket.
As for getting your license, here in Connecticut you take your test in a large parking lot with an observer, you have to ride through a maze of cones at very low speed & at higher speed & demonstrate that you can do a hard stop...testing in other states may vary, but theres really only two ways to learn to ride.. the way I did by trial & error on 75cc & 90cc dirt bikes or you can get lessons.. one thing you don't want to try is learning on your own in traffic!