I seem to post this every couple of weeks but interplanetary and interstellar travel may not be as far off as some think:
On the bleeding edge we have the Quantum Vacuum Plasma Thruster. Effective ISP in the millions, no on board propellant required. It will need electrical power and a lot of it. With a multi-megawatt nuclear reactor constant meaningful thrust should be available. It would reduce trip times to Mars from months to weeks and outer planets from years to a few months.
Functionally it pushes on the sea of virtual particles that QM says exists.
This assumes the laboratory experiments continue to check out and as space worthy prototype can be made.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vacuum_plasma_thruster
The research team claims the "Q-thruster" utilizes the quantum vacuum fluctuations of empty space as a "propellant". The existence of quantum vacuum fluctuations is not disputed, because experiments with the quantum mechanical Casimir effect have unambiguously demonstrated that quantum vacuum fluctuations do exist. What remains to be proven is that these fluctuations can be utilized for this practical purpose.[1]
The Q-thruster operates on the principles of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the same principles and equations of motion used by a conventional plasma thruster. The difference is that the Q-thruster uses the atomic particles spontaneously produced by quantum vacuum fluctuations as its propellant. The atomic particles produced by the fluctuations are subsequently electrically ionized to form a plasma. The now electrically charged plasma is then is exposed to a crossed electric and magnetic field, inducing a force on the particles of the plasma in the E×B direction, which is orthogonal to the applied fields. The Q-thruster would not technically be a reactionless drive, because it expels the plasma and thus produces force on the spacecraft in the opposite direction, like a conventional rocket engine. However, this action does not require the spacecraft to carry any propellant. This theory suggests much higher specific impulses are available for Q-thrusters, because they only consume electrical power and thus are limited only by their power supply's energy storage densities. Preliminary test results suggest thrust levels of between 1000–4000 μN; specific force performance of 0.1 N/kW, and an equivalent specific impulse of ~1x1012 s.[2][3]
On the OMGWTF Scotty! side is the Warp Drive experiment going on:
http://www.decodedscience.com/faster-speed-light-nasa-looks-warp-drive/40698
There are two sets of microscopic warp drive experiments planned at White’s Eagleworks laboratory.
In the current “low fidelity” experiment, NASA is using ordinary positive energy to try and warp local spacetime. A “White-Juday” interferometer splits a laser beam into two beams. Very high energy capacitors are placed around a small region of one beam.
“The light will go through that region as though it seems like a shorter distance.” Dr. White told Decoded Science. “So it takes less time for it to cover that region with the device on versus off.” When the two beams are recombined, detectors look for tiny changes in the interference pattern.
A future experiment will attempt to extract negative energy from the vacuum to warp local spacetime. “We have a line of technology called Q-thrusters, which works off the principle of pushing off of the quantum vacuum.” said Dr. White. “Q-thruster technology has invention disclosures in the NASA system.”
“We hope to adapt that technology to construct some test devices for our interferometer — to get closer to negative (energy and) pressure. This would get us one step closer to something that is non-trivial in magnitude.”
This would be huge, if it's possible. We know from the inflationary period after the Big Bang that space time can expand faster than light. So now the question is can we do the same.