Tablets can be run using a mouse and a manual keyboard via USB. However, that micro-USB port on the tablet is not powered. So you would need some kind of powered USB hub to operate devices requiring a powered USB connection. Some of the newer tablet OS's may be able to do this. There may be other options that might work. If you have a wireless connection to a PC maybe you can use a shared printer or just buy a wireless printer.
There is an easier way to do all this. Most tablets can be connected to a PC through USB for charging. You can also use this this to upload pictures and files that you created. You can probably also do a synchronization technique to automatically synchronize your tablet that will upload your documents every time you connect to your desktop assuming you had a desktop.
If you have something like sky drive or cloud based storage you might be able to store documents in the clouds and print them from a PC later.