Look up "document camera" or "digital presenter". It's what a few people in the post have been suggesting, but I think those search terms will yield more results.
What they do is basically take a picture, and output the video via composite, s-video or RGB connections. So note you'll have to have a TV, monitor or projector to finish out the system. They show 3d objects, transparencies as well as opaque paper. There are ones that can hook up via USB so you can kind of use them like scanners.
Some big brands out there are that I've seen in person are Elmo, Canon, JVC. I've seen some Aver ones in action, and they worked pretty well for much less than $1000. There are other companies out there as well that make these things. You're looking at probably anywhere from $300-3000 on one btw.
A quick google search also showed Toshiba making a projector with an integrated doc cam.
Overall I don't consider these too "low-tech" as we use them in about 80 of our classrooms. Some teachers still like the old overheads, but to me it's just whatever works out better for them. Most departments don't have a lot of money, so there's something to be said for spending only $200 for something that can project a lot of information (using transparencies) and can be pointed anywhere pretty.