- Jun 17, 2001
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Consumerist/Vanity Fair
http://consumerist.com/5200455...untry-its-a-hedge-fund
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And if you thought our mortgage situation was bad, check out what Iceland was doing. They were using something called a foreign currency mortgage:
Vanity Fair:
For the past few years, some large number of Icelanders engaged in the same disastrous speculation. With local interest rates at 15.5 percent and the krona rising, they decided the smart thing to do, when they wanted to buy something they couldn't afford, was to borrow not kronur but yen and Swiss francs. They paid 3 percent interest on the yen and in the bargain made a bundle on the currency trade, as the krona kept rising.
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It must have seemed like a no-brainer: buy these ever more valuable houses and cars with money you are, in effect, paid to borrow. But, in October, after the krona collapsed, the yen and Swiss francs they must repay are many times more expensive. Now many Icelanders-especially young Icelanders-own $500,000 houses with $1.5 million mortgages, and $35,000 Range Rovers with $100,000 in loans against them.
http://consumerist.com/5200455...untry-its-a-hedge-fund
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Global financial ambition turned out to have a downside. When their three brand-new global-size banks collapsed, last October, Iceland?s 300,000 citizens found that they bore some kind of responsibility for $100 billion of banking losses?which works out to roughly $330,000 for every Icelandic man, woman, and child
On top of that they had tens of billions of dollars in personal losses from their own bizarre private foreign-currency speculations, and even more from the 85 percent collapse in the Icelandic stock market
The investigators produced a chart detailing a byzantine web of interlinked entities that boiled down to this: A handful of guys in Iceland, who had no experience of finance, were taking out tens of billions of dollars in short-term loans from abroad. They were then re-lending this money to themselves and their friends to buy assets?the banks, soccer teams, etc. Since the entire world?s assets were rising?thanks in part to people like these Icelandic lunatics paying crazy prices for them?they appeared to be making money. Yet another hedge-fund manager explained Icelandic banking to me this way: You have a dog, and I have a cat. We agree that they are each worth a billion dollars. You sell me the dog for a billion, and I sell you the cat for a billion. Now we are no longer pet owners, but Icelandic banks, with a billion dollars in new assets.
The Danske Bank report alerted hedge funds in London to an opportunity: shorting Iceland. They investigated and found this incredible web of cronyism: bankers buying stuff from one another at inflated prices, borrowing tens of billions of dollars and re-lending it to the members of their little Icelandic tribe, who then used it to buy up a messy pile of foreign assets. ?Like any new kid on the block,? says Theo Phanos of Trafalgar Funds in London, ?they were picked off by various people who sold them the lowest-quality assets?second-tier airlines, sub-scale retailers. They were in all the worst LBOs.?
