Originally posted by: Mark R
A candela is a measurement of luminous intensity - essentially the intensity of a beam of light.
Originally the candela was defined in terms of the 'standard candle' which was a type of electric light bulb built to precise specifications - hence the name candlepower. These days the definition is somewhat more scientific.
A candela is defined as '1 lumen per steradian'. The lumen is a measure of the total amount of light (compensated for the sensitivity of the human eye), and a steradian is a measurement of solid angles (approximately equal to 10000 square degrees).
Take a standard 100 W light bulb - this produces about 1000 lumens of light and distributes them relatively evenly (there are 12.6 (4p) steradians in a sphere) , so it produces a luminous intensity of about 80 Cd. If you took that same light bulb but put a reflector around it, so that the light came out in a narrow 20 degree beam, then the luminous intensity would be higher (about 10000 Cd).