Originally posted by: Craig234
I've studied JFK for 20 years, and am always glad to see a thread that might do some education.
You have to cut through the partisan views (e.g., Pabster), since JFK was a complicated figure who you can find good and bad about; being selective is a distorted picture.
I happen to think he was our greatest president since FDR, despite some large negatives; his positives were just that good.
Not everyone has over a hundred books on the man sitting in their library, so the question, 'what did he do anyway' is a good one. I'll try to list a few highlights:
- His monetary policies were especially thoughtful. He'd studied under Keynes at the london School of Economics, but I mention that not to say he had the answers, but rather that he knew enough to get the answers. He tried new things, such as timing government spending to minimize the risk of recession, and is widely credited with avoiding a predicted cyclical recession. Overall, excellent policies and the economy reflected it.
- He was revolutionary in his support for true independance for third world nations to get to be neutral, independant; he reversed the US policy of supporting European colonization of third world nations, and this caused huge friction with some of our old allies (for example, Portugal). The policy had been to put in right-wing dictators and not worry about their brutality; his policy was to change that and often support truly neutral leaders over right-wing US puppets.
This was in part to gain advantage over the communists in the cold war by making the US more attractive to ally with, but that wasn't his only reason.
There's a reason peasant huts around the world had his picture on the walls for decades. The 'radical' land reformce Hugo Chavez is doing? JFK recommended them.
There's too much to get into - there's an entire book just on his radical, progressive African policies.
- JFK was ahead of his time in pursuing detente with the Soviet Union. Months after the Cuban Missile Crisis, he gave a speech at American University considered by many one of the greatest presidential speeches; it was a reach out to the USSR for peace, and Kruschev called it the greatest speech by a president in decades, and played it in its entirety across the USSR, unheard of.
You can read the speech here
In conjunction with that, he pursued the limited nuclear test ban treaty, something he considered his greatest success.
- He provided leadership that directly was the cause of the moon landing (though today's republicans would mock him like Al Gore for claiming he invented the rocket, no doubt).
- He broadly pursued policies which 'lifted all boats', helping the poor.
- He modernized the US military post-WWII, creating the Navy Seals and the Green Berets.
- He created large amounts of international goodwill towards the US and the west
- There was a broad sense of leadership people felt which is difficult to quantify
- He stood up to a very miiltant Joint Chiefs of Staff on Viet Nam. It's hard to describe today how hard that was, with the cold war at its peak, the joint chiefs of staff very powerful (with the crazy Curtis LeMay the most popular active military figure in the nation, single handedly running our nuclear response to any soviet attack - to get a sense of the culture, Secretary of Defense McNamara was denied in his request to see our nuclear war plans and had to get Kennedy to personally order him access).
There was enormous pressure on him to go to war in Viet Nam; he refused any combat troops, and instead moved us towards exiting - something which he gets credit for only in hindsight. At the time, the US had not lost any wars and it was very gung ho about protecting our interests against those few, easy to defeat communist peasants. In fact, he had to schedule the withdrawal for 1965, because it would go over so badly in the election. (Criticize him if you like for not being up front on his plans).
- He became an unintentional leader of the civil rights movement, leading the nation to adopt new views.
In another of what I think are his greatest speeches, amazingly a day following the one above, he spoke on civil rights.
You can read and hear the speech at this link
- Anti-Mafia: the Justice Department under Robert Kennedy prosecuted more mobsters than all the previous administrations combined.
- He was planning to overhaul the dysfunctional US intelligence agencies.
- His remarkable speeches - and part credit to Ted Sorensen.
Some rebuttals to common criticisms:
Bay of Pigs: a mistake, but nearly unavoidable. The plan had been created by the enormously popular Eisenhower; the democrats had run in part on a platform of not doing enough against Castro; all of the military and CIA advisors said the plan was guaranteed to work; the public rated Castro the #1 threat to America in 1961. He was a brand new president following Eisenhower who would have looked very weak.
Had Kennedy turned down the plan, history would have said he was wrong for passing up the historic, can't-lose chance to get rid of Castro that Eisenhower would have done.
A political disaster. On top of that, he laid out a condition, no air support; some advisors tried to trick him into a broader attack by assuming that once it had started he would have to reverse his decision. They were wrong, and their gamble that he would change his plan cost lives. Nonetheless, he took full responsibility for his error, and learned a lot from it. He never trusted the military much after that for advice, and created a new position for trusted advisor Maxwell Taylor as his chief military advisor.
He suffered the humiliation of negotiating the return of the prisoners in exchange for non-military goods the following Christmas.
- Viet Nam: I suspect that had Kennedy withdrawn from Viet Nam in 1965 history again would have condemned him for being weak on a war we could easily win.
Bottom line is he drew a line, no combat troops, and he stuck to it, even while he made efforts to help the South Vietnamese troops with 16,000 'advisors'.
The Viet Nam issue is complicated; for example, few realize that at one point in the 1950's during the French colonization, the US was paying up to 90% of the costs for them.
A good source for info on JFK and Viet Nam is John Newman's book. For more on Kennedy's plans to withdraw, see William Manchester 'One Brief Shining Moment'.
Negatives? Where to start - his womanizing was reckless, he led a massive and unnecessary nuclear military buildup (again, harking back to the 1960 campaign where the democrats alleged a phony 'missile gap'; we don't know whether they knew it was not true); his campaign of terror and assassination against Castro, etc.