The size of the car's engine is not nearly as relevant as how the system is actually designed, especially the surface area of the condenser and evaporator. Because all car AC systems are now using clutch cycling orifice tubes instead of expansion valves, the compressor capacity is not as important as on R12 systems.
Most small cars are packaging nightmares, and usually have to compromise on something to get the functionality into a stylish frame. Here is where you run into undersized condensers that get little air flowing over them until 40+ MPH, or an evaporator that had to be shrunk to fit in an airbox that had to be redesigned to fit in the 20th airbag, etc.
Also, if any of those cars you mentioned were R12 to 134a refits, that is not really indicative of how the system originally worked. R12 condenses at lower pressure than R134a, and as such an R12 compressor does not do a great job with 134a.
Shawn, while your description is somewhat close (albeit with incorrect terms), I thought I would mention that it is the car's engine that is satisfying the conservation of energy law, not temperature differentials. Latent heat in phase change is actually carrying the energy, which is supplied from the engine turning the compressor doing the phase change. So in your death valley scenario, you might be waiting a bit longer for the refrigerant to condense because of the higher ambient temps, it will still evaporate just as cold as any other time.
Of course, perceived function will change but the AC is still working. To say nothing of the fact that AC sucks in Death Valley because the drier the ambient air is, the less "cold" the system feels.