Now to answer your question. Since I said in my last post, things are blurry, it is hard to define a typical democrat or republican. However, there are trends in the last few decades. You can't go back further than that since the parties change over time. Often people do try to believe a party is the same that it was many years ago, but recent times prove otherwise. So the general trends are:
Taxes: Democrats are willing to pay now for what we get now. Republicans want to get now and pay in the future.
Spending: I can't see much difference in overall spending. There are many myths here that republicans spend less; there is no evidence of that in the last few decades. In fact, republican's spend about double what democrats do on pork. Pork is defined as wasted money that only helps one congressman and not the country (such as a highway that goes nowhere and dead-ends in the middle of the wilderness solely to stimulate spending in a state).
Military: Democrats generally are for a small effective military for use as a last resort. Republicans are generally for a massive miliary (they are split on how to use it).
Welfare: Democrats are generally willing to take the military savings and instead give it to the needy, poor, elderly, etc. Republicans generally want to reduce spending here since the military needs it.
Distribution: Democrats generally feel that when taxes (a must due to both party's high spending) are taken out, to take it from those who would be least harmed, so that overall society is least harmed by taxes. Republicans generally don't want to consider the overall benefit to society as targetting specific people seems unfair.
Abortion: Democrats and republicans claim to be on different sides, but nothing ever changes. So in reality, they are one and the same.
Environment: Democrats are generally willing to do things to help the environment, republicans generally won't. However, effectively they are the same since the government has little saying in this whatsoever and little gets done on what they can change.
Focus: Democrats generally want to help people (and hope the people spend the money helping businesses), republicans generally want to help businesses (and hope that the businesses spend money on people).
Freedom: Democrats generally like the idea of a a government being a passive parent guiding the children. Republicans generally like the idea of an active government stepping in and demanding certain freedoms or taking others away. There will likely be a lot of debate on this point. Flame on.
My personal beliefs: Have you ever heard the phrase about whether to feed a starving man or to teach him to fish? I think that is appropriate here. Republicans generally hope the starving man gets so bad that he learns to fish on his own. Democrats generally throw fish at him. Neither party does much more. I personally think we need to actively teach him to fish (so he is independant later in life) AND feed him now (since a starving man cannot fish).