Originally posted by: Placer14
Dread, that information (Caller ID/ANI) can be spoofed. It's very easy so don't rely too heavily on it. There are two types of identifiers ANI (Automatic Number Identifaction) which is a service feature that transmits a directory number or Billing Telephone number (BTN) to be obtained automajically and cannot be blocked. The 2nd identifier is the Caller ID number that you sign up for which is an indentifier that is sent approx 1 second after the ANI which can be used by request (and blocked).
Caller ID can be spoofed using a simple command on a PBX terminal and making a call from a PRI or primary rate ISDN line. Or...you can use a device called an orangebox which can emulate the Caller ID signal which is generally sent (this option is a little more difficult to use). Or use a calling card.
ANI can be spoofed through social engineering with the phone company phone operators and generally easy as well.
There's a lot of information on this topic and I could talk for quite a while, but the short answer is, unless you are monitoring that particular phone port/pair with proprietary equipment, there is no way to know.