In an average consumer PC, any PSU that has the necessary PCIe connector configuration for your graphics card (or several graphics cards), is powerful enough. To know this you will need to check the specs of both your graphics card and your power supply. E.g. for a GTX 770 2GB graphics card you typically need a 6-pin and an 8-pin PCIe connector. These are typically found in good quality 500 Watt units.
If you use integrated graphics, any PSU wattage is probably enough.
More important than wattage, however, is your power supply's quality (~ stability and reliability all the way up to its rated wattage output). Just because a unit says it's 500 watt doesn't make it equally powerful and equally reliable as another 500 watt unit from a different manufacturer. Always read a review from a trusted site (Anandtech, Techpowerup, Hardwaresecrets, JonnyGuru and HardOCP, among others) or at least have some informed opinion before making a PSU purchase.
Finally, the question "what PSU do I need" is a bit different from the question "how much power does my system consume". If you want to know the latter, you can estimate it by looking at power consumption readings for a system that has the graphics card you're planning to use. E.g. Guru3D's graphics card reviews.