The way it works is this:
Immediately when plugging a USB device in, the controller senses whether it's a Low, Full, or High Speed device. (High is faster than Full. Don't ask.)
Now, if a USB device is connecting to a USB 2.0 port, the device type is sensed. If it is a High Speed device, this particular port is handed over to the one EHCI controller in the system for High Speed USB 2.0 operation. Else, the port remains on the UHCI or OHCI controller that "owns" this port for Low or Full speed USB 1.1 operation.