<< Is there a best % of the gel to buy? also, does the product have harmful effect on your teeth/gum, both permanent and temprory. Also, are the products effective and lasting? >>
I just researched all this stuff a few months ago. Generally, you have two whitening modalities: more treatments using weaker whitening agents, or fewer treatments using stronger agents. The latter is considered more ideal as the whitening effect increases with concentration, except the chance of gum irritation increases with the strength of the agent.
Carbamide peroxide is a stable gel-like form of hydrogen peroxide, which converts into hydrogen peroxide in the mouth. By weight, carbamide peroxide contains 33% hydrogen peroxide, so a bleaching gel with 10% carbamide peroxide contains 3.3% hydrogen peroxide. It takes a while for the carbamide form to degrade into the active hydrogen peroxide form, so each application is longer in duration than using straight hydrogen peroxide (from a couple hours to overnight). Tooth whitening with peroxide is generally considered safe and has not been shown to cause any damage to the tooth or nerve.
However, the bleaching can be very irritating to the gums or it can inflame the nerve through any cavities or chipped teeth you may have. Most people report an increase in tooth sensitivity for a few days to such stimulus as cold or hot, but it passes. You should be sure that your gums are in good health, even minor gum disease is a contraindication for tooth whitening because you can damage your gums further by using strong hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide was once available OTC in concentrations up to 20%. But, they restricted OTC hydrogen peroxide to 3% because people were not diluting the stronger forms enough and literally burned the gums off their teeth. :Q
The bleaching will last from one to five years, depending upon each person and whether they smoke, drink coffee, tea, etc. There is generally no meaningful difference between the stuff that costs $100 and the stuff you can get at the drug store chains (Rite-Aid, CVS, Walgreens, etc) for $20. 16% Carbamide peroxide is the most popular, but some people can't use it because it leaves their teeth too sensitive. If that happens, you can either try 10% or dilute the 16% by 1/3 with water.