How does one interpret values that are normalized with respect to multiple parameters

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magomago

Lifer
Sep 28, 2002
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Hi all,
The other day at work I was talking to one of the EEs about BJTs; although I studied them, I forgot how to interpret what it meant on a circuit diagram (I’m not an EE). After it was explained to me, I started to poke into the specific details of how it worked, and the EE told me he didn’t remember. Now I did learn this stuff because I took one of the courses in the long series of device physics. I actually liked the class, found it interesting, and went back to review things (and it is made easy because the book is such an easy read – Semiconductor Device Fundamentals by Robert F. Pierret. It isn’t a pretty book with photos all over, but he explains things well).
I’m reading about the Density of States at the moment (yup…going back to the basics before I jump to BJT…actually, it is quite refreshing to read theory for me; it is like a nice break from work) and it carries units of #/ (Volume * Energy). I understand #/Volume – number of whatever we are counting per a given volume, and #/Energy, but I have never been able to fully understand # /(Volume*Energy). How do I interpret that? This is actually an annoyance of mine because I’ll come across many situations and I can’t seem to fully grasp a value where dimensional analysis results in multiple parameters in the denominator.
The closest I get to bending around this is thinking of acceleration: m/s^2. The way I get around it is thinking of it as v/s, and then it makes sense to me. I can do this with a few other parameters, but once I face something that I haven’t spent a lot of time with, and isn’t as intuitive to think about, I always get stuck with how to interpret it in my head. I suppose that I try to build something I understand into its own ‘container’ (ie: v=m/s), and then contain that again as I further understand it.
Does this interpretation work (this is how I often think and approach things, so any validation, or suggestions, and critiques can only help!): Given a ‘sea’ of states, I , in a spatially arbitrary location, isolate a unit volume of states, which will give me the direct number of states per volume; then within that volume, split up the available states based on the energy levels that are found (which should make sense since the energies are only available at discrete levels).
I’m wondering if anyone has some insight and can crack this apart for me, or give me a better explanation of how to look at values where a dimensional analysis reveals multiple parameters (L,M,T or any combination) in the denominator. I guess writing this out and thinking about it has helped to clear it up for me (unless I understand it wrong), but to get any more insight is always helpful.
 

bobsmith1492

Diamond Member
Feb 21, 2004
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Are you trying to figure out HOW BJTs work or what they do in a circuit? The two are treated completely separately. It sounds like you want to know how to use them in a circuit but are looking at how they work?
 

magomago

Lifer
Sep 28, 2002
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Are you trying to figure out HOW BJTs work or what they do in a circuit? The two are treated completely separately. It sounds like you want to know how to use them in a circuit but are looking at how they work?

Actually I started the topic about the BJTs, and only really use it as a segway into my actual question lol.
 

Born2bwire

Diamond Member
Oct 28, 2005
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Dimensional analysis is a fairly poor method to use in gaining insight or understanding. It completely hides the underlying physics of what is going on. In addition, it changes depending on the units you have. Take energy, it is kg-m/s^2. So is that a kilogram moving at 1 m/s oscillating at 1 Hz? Is it a kilogram-mass that is spread out across a spherical surface that is expandng with time (this was one idea recently proposed using dimensional analysis). But then what happens if we change to English units where energy is ft-lbs? If energy is ft-lbs, then what does it mean for torque to be ft-lbs too?

I think it would be more worthwhile of your time if you learned more about the underlying physics of the density of states. One thing I can tell you off that bat that is probably misleading you due to your dimensional analysis is that the volume here is not any physical spatial volume.
 

Juncar

Member
Jul 5, 2009
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Dimensional analysis was taught to me as a tool to perform quick check on your equations and expressions. I don't really think it is useful for gaining any actual understanding of the underlying principle. Try not to go from units to theory, but rather theory to units. For example, using your example of acceleration, speed is the distance travelled per unit time. So in general case that will be m/s. Acceleration is then change in speed per unit time, ⌂s(speed)/s = m/s^2.

See if you can derive the density of states formula from fundamentals, if you can do that then the units will make more sense.
 
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