Generally, the more professional your workplace, the less they care whether you're really sick or not, and the less info they'll need to be satisfied.
Now, if you're working a job where your position needs to be covered, they'll be more annoyed.
Oh, and the lower the pay, the more abusive/fascist they'll be about the whole thing. Some low-life "manager" who makes barely any more money than you might go on a power trip and call you at home to verify that you're really sick (and "write you up" if you don't answer the phone), or tell you to bring in a note from a doctor. (That doctor's note one is absolute BS, and I don't think it actually holds water. Do you go to the doctor every time you have some stomach ailment or a headache?)
No matter what, don't make any sort of habit of calling in sick, especially if you don't have any sick time you can use. It just makes you look bad.