it's not CCD.
US currency uses metallic ink (composition classified, and hell if i know) and machines use sensors to detect the patterns. this is why the new bills do not work with older\non-upgradable\non-upgraded machines. the sensors probably do spot checking much like fingerprint recognition is done by computers. (no the entire thing is not scanned and recorded as this is BEYOND current speeds to do properly). the spot checking is probably inherent in the design of the currencies themselves.
the polyester strip tells the machines nothing. the water mark is actually an area where the "paper" is not as thick and tells the computer nothing.
US currency is not smart money, that is, they have no real computer components in them (yet).
I learned this stuffs from NOVA, on PBS. i saw the episodes several years ago.