You can write the image to a hard drive instead of a USB drive, it's the same thing.
That's what I did with recalbox, but they are all just linux images so they should all work the same.
If you have an external usb to sata converter that would be the safest way to do it, connecting it to a new system.
if you connect the laptop drive to a new system internally you have to be extra super careful not to choose the wrong drive when writing the image, otherwise you could lose important data.
If the other drive on the laptop has an OS on it you could do it from that but you should make sure that you can boot into that other drive without the windows drive being connected.