Technically canada was formed when the US declarend endependance because of the loyalists who setled in Ontario. Eventually we became a country with some of the other british colonies and expanded(most of our provinces are ex british colonies). Technicaly we are rules by a constitutional monarchy(direct translation from french, not sure if it's that in english) the Queen rules the governement, but now the signes some papers that gives the queen no right to make any decisions so the parliament rules, but the constitution says the queen rules the contry or something.