Hah, I got the shit kicked out of me by the police in Saudi Arabia for being a smartass as a teenager. My girlfriend and I thought we could dress and act like Americans in public, outside the hotels & housing areas. Nope. Turns out they can wear burkas and shout death to America in our country, but we can't wear shorts and say, "you're religion is ridiculous" when confronted about said shorts over there.
I don't think you understand the military well at all. I've accumulated enough toys and school supplies from care packages to go hand them out. So I create a mission, choosing a time and place to give them out. Develop the concept of operation, and submit it to higher headquarters for approval. I think you drastically understimate the latitude that a company grade officer has in a war zone.
And I have no problem with most immigrants. I have no problem with Latin American illegal immigrants. Ultimately, they share our values and much of our culture. They want to be like us, they don't just want to take advantage of what we've done and tear it all down.
In reference to your questions, I've been in since August 2008. So that puts me right around 4 years in service. As an officer, once you've completed your initial active duty service obligation (ADSO) you can submit your resignation at any time. ADSOs vary depending on commissioning source and any additional benefits you receive, ex: 5 year ADSO for West Point attendance, 3-5 year ADSO for ROTC depending on how many years of scholarship, 3 years for OCS (that's me.) Going to graduate school, or signing service agreements in exchange for your choice of job or duty location can also bring additional years of service. Same with repayment of student loans.
Since I never took anything from the Army, and already had the requisite bachelors degree when I joined, I had the minimum active duty service obligation of 3 years. As I'm finding out though, they make the resignation process extremely difficult and aggravating in an effort to retain\trap you. For example, I recieved orders to go to a professional development course, and I have 30 days to submit my resignation or I will be locked into the course. That course is scheduled for a year from now, and is 6 months long. By attending the course, I'll also owe an additional year of service upon the completion of the course. So I scrambled to put together my resignation here in Afghanistan, only to have it returned to me with "outdated verbiage corrections needed" on the resignation letter. I'll resubmit it, but technically I'm beyond my 30 day window to resign or attend the course, so I may be stuck in the active duty Army for another 2 years.
Then there's the 8 year Military Service Obligation that everyone has, that obligates you to 8 years total service on either Active Duty, or a Reserve force. Since I'll have only completed 5 years of Active duty, I'll need to spend another 3 years in the reserve if I'm released from active duty next summer. So I may have yet another chance to return here to beautiful Afghanistan, or maybe Syria or Iran.