Here's a quick little summary:
GTX 760 is between a GTX 660 and GTX 670 (and no, I did not mean the GTX 660 Ti). It will trade blows with the GTX 670, but it has less shaders, but unhindered ROP performance along with a higher base and Boost clock.
GTX 770 is a rebranded GTX 680 with some optimizations, including higher boost capabilities.
GTX 780 is a cut down, limited GK110 (TITAN GPU). It has less shaders and has the double-precision Floating Point performance artificially limited like Geforce cards of the past (the TITAN has unhindered DP-FLOPS).
GTX TITAN is a K20 without ECC and all the cool Tesla features like GPU-Direct. No artificial limits to DP-FLOPS. Full compute performance for $1000 (which is cheap in comparison).
The Kepler architecture used in the Geforce 600/700 series was never meant for double-precision performance. In terms of double-precision, the 600/700 series will match the GTX 580 probably. In terms of single-precision, the GTX 770 and 780 have 2x the SP-FLOPS of the GTX 580. If you want to do compute that requires double-precision, I would not spend the money except on a GTX TITAN. If you want graphics performance and single-precision compute power, then go right ahead and upgrade.
