If you're using a HDD-based external drive, there is no reason to go beyond regular 5Gbit USB3(.1/2/whatever). Its more then enough for any HDD or two.
If we're talking SSDs, it becomes a bit more complicated. For a standard SATA3-based drive, 5Gbit USB3 is still -enough- with UASP support, as it tops out at about 450MB/s. The performance improvements with 10Gbit USB3 are negligible. You only get 500-520MB/s with it. It's only when using an NVMe-based drive or RAID array 10Gbit USB3 begins to shine.
10Gbit USB3 is also notoriously pickish with regards to cable quality, you shouldn't expect a cable run of more then about a metre without a really high quality cable.