If the performance is negligible, then why do almost all eSATA cables use 26 AWG wire? If 30 AWG offers similar performance in a smaller, more flexible form, then why 26? Why not 28 AWG or something else? This got me thinking.
So I looked for the electrical transmission specs for eSATA and could not find them. I only found the
SATA specs. eSATA doesn't change the wire (I don't think), it just increases the minimum required transmission voltage to ensure the signal can go the maximum 2 meters specified, and it requires the transmission reception to be sensitive to a lower voltage to again accomodate the 2 meter length.
So my 30 AWG cable is technically out-of-spec. Increasing the gauge (ie decreasing conductor cross-section) affects several things, but largely the impedence of the wire. The SATA standard states 95 to 105 Ohms impedence. I'll won't attempt the arithmetic, but the end result is that the 30 AWG wire will not work for the 2 meter maximum length specified by eSATA. If you figure the resisitance of a 30 AWG wire is roughly 2.5 times that of a 26 AWG wire, it seems reasonable to assume the maximum length of my 30 AWG would be about 0.8 meter which is still longer than my 0.5 meter cable.
Of course, there are other factors besides impedence to consider (eg attenuation, shielding, and capacitance). If the manufacturer appropriately sized everything, then this cable should perform to specs. But don't get a 30 AWG cable 2 meters long, because even if you can find one it won't perform well.
I'll try to run some tests on my 30AWG and 26AWG cables this weekend and verify if the difference is negligible. I'll post results.