I think I read somewhere that the +R have addressing data for the sectors hard-coded (hard-sectored), whereas for -R it's in the pre-groove, but it has to be burned by the burner again in order to be read by players (soft-sectored). Not sure how true that is, can anyone confirm? Plus, -R has slightly more capacity than +R, either due to that former factor or something to do with the area reserved off of the disc for key-block storage.
Real-world differences between the two are slim, other than +R is starting to get 16X-speed media, and good-quality (T-Y) +R 8x will burn at 16X in some drives. I think that the format-wars are stupid myself, and while most PC burners don't matter format-wise for data recording and retreval, there are still some players that matter.
Also, I have an older 2X Creative IDE DVD-ROM, that won't read -R or +R at all. It reads pressed discs (dual-layer too), along with CDs, CD-Rs, and CD-RWs, but I haven't been able to get it to take recordable DVDs at all. It can detect *something* is present in the drive, but not what it is. I think that indicates that the reflectivity is within range, but it seems that the firmware locks out all but DVD-ROM booktype or something. It's an ancient drive anyways, but it's RPC-1/region-free by default, and nice and quiet during playback. I would like to be able to use it to play my recorded DVDs just for viewing purposes, might stick it and a video card with hardware-assisted DVD-playback into another older PC to make a DVD-player-only box, would be nice if I could work that out. Anyone know about hacking older DVD/CD-ROM firmware that uses an OTI 910/911 (?) chipset?