Unplug all the filters and all the phones. Now try the modem on that phone jack.
You may have a phone or filter that is causing the problem. DSL is finicky. Filters degrade the signal if they are attached to the line at all, even if your modem doesn't run through them. If the line you are connecting to is on a longer wire from the jack that a bad filter is connected to it could degrade the signal enough to cause problems.
That is why I suggest people on DSL to do a home run , a line straight from the nid box outside to the modem. Then one filter outside that connects to all the voice lines inside. You can use the extra pair of wires already in your homes phone wiring if you like to keep the two separate without running a new line. Then you can get rid of all those plug in fliters.