Most important factor to determine the RTT (Round Trip Time = latency = ping) is the Speed of Light. Speed of Light is just too slow.
Speed of Light through vacuum: 300000 km/sec.
Speed of Light through fibre: only 60% of that = 180000 km/sec.
Result: our packets on the Internet fly at 180 km per millisecond.
You wanted a ping of 10 milliseconds ?
Your packets can go a maximum distance of 1800 km.
Taking into account that ping is RoundTripTime (back and forth), it means that for a ping of 10, the server can be only 900 km far away at most.
For the metric-impaired, that's 560 miles.
In reality there's gonna be some congestion delay. This depends on how your ISP(s) have build their networks.
And some transmission delay, but at high speeds, transmission delays don't matter.
Note, different games mean different things when they say "ping".
Some just measure the RTT, and nothing else.
Some include the delay your packet has at the server.
Some even include the delay that can happen on your own PC, because of framerates.