Yes, in theory if its just a passive cable with a connector in the other end. I wouldn't count on it though, 10Gbit USB3.1 is notoriously fickle with cable quality. Generally, you shouldn't expect to more of it then about 1 metre without a very high quality cable. Keep in mind this is including both internal and external cable length.
You'll need an adaptor from the new 20-pin header to the regular 19-pin one though. Silverstone also has two 10Gbit USB3.1 cards (the ECU04 and ECU04-E) which feature the regular 19-pin connector.