Short answer: Yes - pretty much anybody who has a reasonably current 1 hour photolab will "develop only" and scan negs to CD. Walgreens does this all day with Agfa labs, CVS usually uses Noritsu. Walmart with labs on premises can all handle these requests. Ritz camera shops/Wolf camera are all about the same quality as anyone else.
Essentially the "digital photolabs" all chemically develop the film, and then the negative is directly scanned. This is how they make an "index print".
1 hour photo labs then either do or don't produce whatever size prints you request from that scan, and optionally get a CD.
At Walgreens in particular I know from personal experience that they will "develop only" for like $3 24 35mm. You have to ask them not to cut the negs or they will give you back 6x4packs of negatives. I've never asked for just a CD, but I know that would just be a matter of running the negs back through to produce the CD (or it might be an option in the machine as part of dev, I've never operated it).