A lot problems, misunderstanding and misinformation in this thread and the article. Of course, since this is about income taxation that is the norm.
I guess the loopholes aren't enough for these guys. Large corporations in the US pay a pretty small effective rate. Average effective rate of 12.6%. If true, make it a fixed 18% or so, remove the loopholes and scrap much of the code (credits, deductions, additions, etc) and call it a day.
http://money.cnn.com/2013/07/01/news/economy/corporate-tax-rate/index.html
The 12.6% number is entirely bogus, even if calculated with mathematical precision.
The amount of income tax charged is based on the profit calculated under (tax accounting) rules mandated by Congress. The amount of profit such studies use is calculated on a completely different basis -
Generally
Accepted
Accounting
Principles (GAAP).
I do corporate tax returns for a living. Corporations DO pay 35%. There are few exceptions (the 'green tax credit' received by GE for making green appliances is an example of an exception).
Why are there differences in the tax accounting rules and the GAAP accounting rules? Answer: A fundamental problem that accounting tries to solve is allocating revenue and expenses to the (artificial) period of a year or a even month. If you imagine a simple business like a lemonade stand whose entire business life exists of one single Saturday on a weekend it's not hard to determine profit/loss. How much did you spend on lemonade and how much did you make in sales - it's easy. OTOH, imagine a manufacturing business that will exist for many years. Imagine they paid millions for a building. Imagine that they paid millions for equipment. Are those 'expensed' the minute the building and equipment is paid for? No, since those have useful lives of many years we must allocate those costs over many years. Now here's where some differences between tax and GAAP rules can be seen.
Under the tax rules Congress
tells you how many years you must spread the cost out. Under GAAP rules the accountants get to pick the number of years to spread the costs. I can all but guarantee you the numbers will NOT be the same. This will result in a substantial difference on the calculation of profit/loss.
GAAP prepared financial statements are what investors look at. What makes a stock's price higher? Larger profits. Guess what GAAP statements show? That's right, a longer depreciation period (more years) thus a lower cost per year meaning a higher profit.
Now isn't it abundantly clear when you see the amount of taxes paid compared to the GAAP profit why the tax rate seems so small? (Hint: the GAAP profit number is inflated compared to tax profit.) I.e., it's an 'apples to oranges' type comparison and, thus, is worthless.
Such differences are known as 'timing differences'. Over the life of the business they will disappear. No matter which method you choose, tax or GAAP, when you calculate the profit/loss from the first day of business to the last day the amount will be the same. It will be like calculating the profit/loss for the lemonade stand.
----------------
Since I've not read this, what kind of subsidies are we talking about here?
No one has yet identified any subsidies although they are throwing the word around quite a bit.
I'm going to go ahead and guess that for those using the term when pressed they will define it so loosely as to have no real meaning.
BTW: A subsidy is when the govt gives you OPM (other peoples' money), not when you get to keep your own.
Fern