I recently put a Samsung 850 EVO 250 GB in a 6 years old ASUS M4A785TD-V EVO (Phenom II era) with Windows XP x64. Worked fine in IDE mode, and could have done so in AHCI too if I had found the working Driver before I gave up (I did found it later).
Resumen: No, you don't need a new Motherboard.