Software called PowerStrip can do that per-app. Also, you can set a different color correction profile for every game, at least in the old-style NVIDIA control panel. Be aware that games overwrite gamma adjustments at will. Some games like Quake 3 allow you to stop the engine from overwriting the gamma ramp (r_ignorehwgamma 1) and instead to use the one that was already loaded.
Almost every game has its own gamma adjustments already, though. They usually don't have the brightness or contrast controls which completely cut off part of the gamma. Rather, they just have a number you can set that affects the red, green, and blue channels equally. The gamma is set as follows, where i is any tone from 0 to 255. GammaCorrection typically ranges from 1.0 to 3.0.
GAMMArgb(i) = (i/255)^(1/gammaCorrection)*255
When you raise the gamma correction factor, the midtones will get brighter. Black will still be 0, and white will still be 255, however. The brightness in the NVIDIA control panel actually raises the black, and the contrast adjusts the white.